海運提單(Marine Bill of Lading or Ocean Bill of Lading),或簡稱為提單(Bill of Lading, B/L),是國際結算中的一種最重要的單據。《漢堡規則》給提單下的定義是:Bill of lading, means a document which evidences a contract of carriage by sea and the taking over or loading of the goods by the carrier, and by which the carrier undertakes to deliver the goods against surrender of the document. A provision in the document that the goods are to be delivered to the order of the document. A provision in the document that the goods are to be delivered to the order of a named person, or to order, or to bearer, constitutes such an undertaking.
《中華人民共和國海商法》(
提單的主要關系人是簽訂運輸合同的雙方:托運人和承運人。托運人即貨方,承運人即船方。其他關系人有收貨人和被通知人等。收貨人通常是貨物買賣合同中的買方,被通知人是承運人為了方便貨主提貨的通知對象,可能不是與貨權有關的當事人。如果提單發生轉讓,則會出現受讓人、持有人等提單關系人。